UPSC-Oriented Daily CA (06 Sep 26)
Daily CA • 75 Questions
Question 1 of 75
Consider the following statements regarding India's Q1 FY2026-27 GDP data:
1. Real GDP growth in April-June 2026 was 7.8%.
2. The manufacturing sector grew faster than the services sector during the quarter.
1. Real GDP growth in April-June 2026 was 7.8%.
2. The manufacturing sector grew faster than the services sector during the quarter.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation reported 7.8% year-on-year real GDP growth, while manufacturing grew 9.2% and services 10%. Thus statement 2 is incorrect because services expanded faster. The episode also illustrates why sectoral composition matters when interpreting headline GDP growth.
• The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation reported 7.8% year-on-year real GDP growth, while manufacturing grew 9.2% and services 10%. Thus statement 2 is incorrect because services expanded faster. The episode also illustrates why sectoral composition matters when interpreting headline GDP growth.
Consider the following statements about EOS-05:
1. It is an Earth observation satellite.
2. It is designed with a mission life of ten years.
1. It is an Earth observation satellite.
2. It is designed with a mission life of ten years.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported that EOS-05, also referred to as GISAT-1A under the earlier nomenclature, is an Earth observation satellite with a ten-year mission life. Its intended applications include disaster monitoring and agriculture or forestry observation.
• The Indian Express reported that EOS-05, also referred to as GISAT-1A under the earlier nomenclature, is an Earth observation satellite with a ten-year mission life. Its intended applications include disaster monitoring and agriculture or forestry observation.
Consider the following statements regarding the WMO's September 2026 El Niño warning:
1. The phenomenon is associated with significant warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
2. The Niño 3.4 region is used in assessing its intensity.
1. The phenomenon is associated with significant warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
2. The Niño 3.4 region is used in assessing its intensity.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express report, citing the WMO, described El Niño as an ocean-atmosphere phenomenon caused by substantial warming of the equatorial Pacific. It also noted that intensity is assessed using three-month sea-surface-temperature averages in the Niño 3.4 region.
• The Indian Express report, citing the WMO, described El Niño as an ocean-atmosphere phenomenon caused by substantial warming of the equatorial Pacific. It also noted that intensity is assessed using three-month sea-surface-temperature averages in the Niño 3.4 region.
Consider the following statements about Bihar's Renewable Energy Policy 2025:
1. Bihar has set a target of nearly 24 GW of renewable-energy capacity by 2030.
2. The policy target includes 6 GWh of energy-storage systems by 2030.
1. Bihar has set a target of nearly 24 GW of renewable-energy capacity by 2030.
2. The policy target includes 6 GWh of energy-storage systems by 2030.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported that Bihar's Renewable Energy Policy 2025 targets nearly 24 GW of renewable capacity and 6 GWh of storage by 2030, with solar power expected to dominate the expansion. Storage is significant because renewable generation is variable and does not always coincide with demand.
• The Indian Express reported that Bihar's Renewable Energy Policy 2025 targets nearly 24 GW of renewable capacity and 6 GWh of storage by 2030, with solar power expected to dominate the expansion. Storage is significant because renewable generation is variable and does not always coincide with demand.
Consider the following statements about India's recent sovereign-rating action:
1. Japan Credit Rating Agency upgraded India from BBB+ to A-.
2. The agency cited the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code among reforms strengthening India's economic foundations.
1. Japan Credit Rating Agency upgraded India from BBB+ to A-.
2. The agency cited the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code among reforms strengthening India's economic foundations.
Answer: D
Explanation:
• Times of India reported that Japan Credit Rating Agency raised India's sovereign rating from BBB+ to A-. It specifically cited reforms including GST, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code and digital public infrastructure, alongside growth and banking-sector improvements.
• Times of India reported that Japan Credit Rating Agency raised India's sovereign rating from BBB+ to A-. It specifically cited reforms including GST, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code and digital public infrastructure, alongside growth and banking-sector improvements.
Consider the following statements about UPI in August 2026:
1. Monthly transaction volume crossed 24 billion for the first time.
2. The transaction value exceeded ₹30 lakh crore.
1. Monthly transaction volume crossed 24 billion for the first time.
2. The transaction value exceeded ₹30 lakh crore.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• NPCI data reported by Times of India showed 24.51 billion UPI transactions in August, the first month above 24 billion. Their value was ₹29.82 lakh crore, so the second statement is incorrect. The distinction between transaction volume and value is important in assessing digital-payment adoption.
• NPCI data reported by Times of India showed 24.51 billion UPI transactions in August, the first month above 24 billion. Their value was ₹29.82 lakh crore, so the second statement is incorrect. The distinction between transaction volume and value is important in assessing digital-payment adoption.
With reference to India's Q1 FY2026-27 GDP release, consider the following:
1. Manufacturing growth was 9.2%.
2. Services growth was 10%.
3. Q1 growth exceeded the RBI's earlier forecast of 7%.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
1. Manufacturing growth was 9.2%.
2. Services growth was 10%.
3. Q1 growth exceeded the RBI's earlier forecast of 7%.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation:
• All three statements are supported by the reported data. GDP grew 7.8%, above the RBI's 7% forecast; manufacturing expanded 9.2%, while services expanded 10%. The episode highlights the contribution of both industry and the tertiary sector to aggregate output.
• All three statements are supported by the reported data. GDP grew 7.8%, above the RBI's 7% forecast; manufacturing expanded 9.2%, while services expanded 10%. The episode highlights the contribution of both industry and the tertiary sector to aggregate output.
Regarding EOS-05, consider the following:
1. It is India's first Earth observation satellite placed in a higher geosynchronous orbit.
2. Its applications include monitoring natural disasters.
3. It is intended to observe agriculture and forestry over large areas.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
1. It is India's first Earth observation satellite placed in a higher geosynchronous orbit.
2. Its applications include monitoring natural disasters.
3. It is intended to observe agriculture and forestry over large areas.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express described EOS-05 as India's first Earth observation satellite in a higher geosynchronous orbit. Its ten-year mission is designed for frequent imaging of large areas, including applications in disaster monitoring, agriculture and forestry.
• The Indian Express described EOS-05 as India's first Earth observation satellite in a higher geosynchronous orbit. Its ten-year mission is designed for frequent imaging of large areas, including applications in disaster monitoring, agriculture and forestry.
Regarding the September 2026 climate assessment reported by The Indian Express, consider:
1. The UNEP report said there are no plausible pathways left that keep warming below 1.5°C.
2. The best-case pathways discussed would still see warming reach at least about 1.8°C before declining.
3. Carbon dioxide removal alone can substitute for sustained emissions reductions.
Which are correct?
1. The UNEP report said there are no plausible pathways left that keep warming below 1.5°C.
2. The best-case pathways discussed would still see warming reach at least about 1.8°C before declining.
3. Carbon dioxide removal alone can substitute for sustained emissions reductions.
Which are correct?
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The UNEP assessment said the 1.5°C threshold breach is now inevitable and that even the best pathways could peak around 1.8°C. It also stressed that carbon dioxide removal must supplement, not replace, sustained greenhouse-gas reductions. Hence statement 3 reverses the report's position.
• The UNEP assessment said the 1.5°C threshold breach is now inevitable and that even the best pathways could peak around 1.8°C. It also stressed that carbon dioxide removal must supplement, not replace, sustained greenhouse-gas reductions. Hence statement 3 reverses the report's position.
Regarding Bihar's power-sector situation, consider:
1. Bihar's own generation capacity was reported at about 550 MW.
2. Its average daily demand was around 7,300–7,400 MW.
3. Summer peak demand was reported at about 9,500 MW.
Which of the statements are correct?
1. Bihar's own generation capacity was reported at about 550 MW.
2. Its average daily demand was around 7,300–7,400 MW.
3. Summer peak demand was reported at about 9,500 MW.
Which of the statements are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported all three figures. The unusually large gap between demand and own generation explains Bihar's reliance on purchased electricity and the policy emphasis on renewable generation and storage. It also illustrates the distinction between installed generation capacity and actual electricity demand.
• The Indian Express reported all three figures. The unusually large gap between demand and own generation explains Bihar's reliance on purchased electricity and the policy emphasis on renewable generation and storage. It also illustrates the distinction between installed generation capacity and actual electricity demand.
Regarding India's foreign-exchange position, consider:
1. RBI's special dollar-swap initiative was launched in June 2026.
2. FCNR(B) deposits formed the largest component of the mobilisation reported by the RBI.
3. The scheme was linked to attracting foreign-currency deposits from overseas Indians.
Which are correct?
1. RBI's special dollar-swap initiative was launched in June 2026.
2. FCNR(B) deposits formed the largest component of the mobilisation reported by the RBI.
3. The scheme was linked to attracting foreign-currency deposits from overseas Indians.
Which are correct?
Answer: D
Explanation:
• Times of India reported that the RBI launched the special dollar-swap window in June and mobilised $136.38 billion. FCNR(B) deposits contributed $127.23 billion, and the mechanism incentivised banks to attract foreign-currency deposits from overseas Indians by absorbing currency-hedging costs.
• Times of India reported that the RBI launched the special dollar-swap window in June and mobilised $136.38 billion. FCNR(B) deposits contributed $127.23 billion, and the mechanism incentivised banks to attract foreign-currency deposits from overseas Indians by absorbing currency-hedging costs.
With reference to JCR's assessment of India, consider:
1. India's country ceiling was raised by one notch to A.
2. The gross non-performing-loan ratio was cited at 1.8% by end-March 2026.
3. JCR attributed banking improvement partly to tighter RBI supervision.
Which are correct?
1. India's country ceiling was raised by one notch to A.
2. The gross non-performing-loan ratio was cited at 1.8% by end-March 2026.
3. JCR attributed banking improvement partly to tighter RBI supervision.
Which are correct?
Answer: B
Explanation:
• Times of India reported all three points from the Japanese Credit Rating Agency's statement. JCR cited stronger banking-sector conditions, with gross NPLs at 1.8%, and linked improvement to the IBC, government capital support and tighter RBI supervision. It also raised the country ceiling to A.
• Times of India reported all three points from the Japanese Credit Rating Agency's statement. JCR cited stronger banking-sector conditions, with gross NPLs at 1.8%, and linked improvement to the IBC, government capital support and tighter RBI supervision. It also raised the country ceiling to A.
Regarding UPI's August 2026 performance, consider:
1. Transaction volume was 24.51 billion.
2. The volume was 22% higher than in August 2025.
3. Transaction value was about 20% higher than a year earlier.
Which are correct?
1. Transaction volume was 24.51 billion.
2. The volume was 22% higher than in August 2025.
3. Transaction value was about 20% higher than a year earlier.
Which are correct?
Answer: A
Explanation:
• NPCI figures reported by Times of India support all three statements: 24.51 billion transactions, 22% year-on-year volume growth, and about 20% year-on-year growth in transaction value. This distinction shows that digital-payment adoption can rise in both frequency and aggregate monetary value.
• NPCI figures reported by Times of India support all three statements: 24.51 billion transactions, 22% year-on-year volume growth, and about 20% year-on-year growth in transaction value. This distinction shows that digital-payment adoption can rise in both frequency and aggregate monetary value.
Regarding food fortification and biofortification in India, consider:
1. Fortification adds nutrients during food processing.
2. Biofortification develops nutrient-rich crops before harvest.
3. India's National Agricultural Research System released 152 biofortified varieties during 2014–2024.
Which are correct?
1. Fortification adds nutrients during food processing.
2. Biofortification develops nutrient-rich crops before harvest.
3. India's National Agricultural Research System released 152 biofortified varieties during 2014–2024.
Which are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express explained fortification as adding nutrients during processing, while biofortification builds nutrient traits into crops through breeding or biotechnology. It reported 152 biofortified varieties released by India's National Agricultural Research System during 2014–2024.
• The Indian Express explained fortification as adding nutrients during processing, while biofortification builds nutrient traits into crops through breeding or biotechnology. It reported 152 biofortified varieties released by India's National Agricultural Research System during 2014–2024.
Consider the following about the recent semiconductor discussion:
1. Semiconductors are used in computing and communications.
2. Semicon 2.0 includes support for strategic semiconductor technologies.
3. Semicon 2.0 is limited to expanding semiconductor imports.
Which are correct?
1. Semiconductors are used in computing and communications.
2. Semicon 2.0 includes support for strategic semiconductor technologies.
3. Semicon 2.0 is limited to expanding semiconductor imports.
Which are correct?
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The Indian Express described semiconductors as foundational to computing, communications, healthcare, defence and other systems. Semicon 2.0 was presented as a domestic-capability push involving chip-design companies, strategic technologies and commercially viable chips, not an import-only programme.
• The Indian Express described semiconductors as foundational to computing, communications, healthcare, defence and other systems. Semicon 2.0 was presented as a domestic-capability push involving chip-design companies, strategic technologies and commercially viable chips, not an import-only programme.
Consider the following statements about the 2026 El Niño event:
1. It involves the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
2. It can alter rainfall patterns beyond the Pacific region.
3. The Niño 3.4 region is relevant to monitoring its intensity.
4. El Niño is a purely atmospheric phenomenon with no ocean component.
1. It involves the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
2. It can alter rainfall patterns beyond the Pacific region.
3. The Niño 3.4 region is relevant to monitoring its intensity.
4. El Niño is a purely atmospheric phenomenon with no ocean component.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The WMO-linked report describes El Niño as a natural ocean-atmosphere phenomenon involving warming of the equatorial Pacific and global weather effects. The Niño 3.4 region is used in intensity assessment. Statement 4 is incorrect because ocean warming is central to the phenomenon.
• The WMO-linked report describes El Niño as a natural ocean-atmosphere phenomenon involving warming of the equatorial Pacific and global weather effects. The Niño 3.4 region is used in intensity assessment. Statement 4 is incorrect because ocean warming is central to the phenomenon.
Consider the following statements about Bihar's solar push:
1. The investment plan reported was ₹1.38 lakh crore over five years.
2. The state collected over ₹19,000 crore from electricity users in 2025–26.
3. It spent only about ₹5,000 crore annually on power purchases.
4. Its renewable target is heavily solar-oriented.
1. The investment plan reported was ₹1.38 lakh crore over five years.
2. The state collected over ₹19,000 crore from electricity users in 2025–26.
3. It spent only about ₹5,000 crore annually on power purchases.
4. Its renewable target is heavily solar-oriented.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported a ₹1.38 lakh crore five-year investment plan and over ₹19,000 crore of collections. Power purchases cost roughly ₹25,000–35,000 crore annually, making statement 3 false. The renewable target is predominantly solar-driven.
• The Indian Express reported a ₹1.38 lakh crore five-year investment plan and over ₹19,000 crore of collections. Power purchases cost roughly ₹25,000–35,000 crore annually, making statement 3 false. The renewable target is predominantly solar-driven.
With reference to India's forex mobilisation, consider:
1. RBI's special dollar-swap scheme mobilised $136.38 billion.
2. FCNR(B) deposits contributed $127.23 billion.
3. Overseas foreign-currency bonds contributed $5.3 billion.
4. External commercial borrowings contributed $3.9 billion.
1. RBI's special dollar-swap scheme mobilised $136.38 billion.
2. FCNR(B) deposits contributed $127.23 billion.
3. Overseas foreign-currency bonds contributed $5.3 billion.
4. External commercial borrowings contributed $3.9 billion.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• Times of India reported all four figures. FCNR(B) deposits were the dominant component, while overseas foreign-currency bonds and external commercial borrowings added $5.3 billion and $3.9 billion respectively. The figures illustrate the composition of the special foreign-exchange mobilisation.
• Times of India reported all four figures. FCNR(B) deposits were the dominant component, while overseas foreign-currency bonds and external commercial borrowings added $5.3 billion and $3.9 billion respectively. The figures illustrate the composition of the special foreign-exchange mobilisation.
Consider the following statements about JCR's India rating:
1. The sovereign rating was raised to A-.
2. The previous rating was BBB+.
3. The agency cited digital public infrastructure.
4. The agency cited only military expenditure as the basis for the upgrade.
1. The sovereign rating was raised to A-.
2. The previous rating was BBB+.
3. The agency cited digital public infrastructure.
4. The agency cited only military expenditure as the basis for the upgrade.
Answer: D
Explanation:
• JCR raised the rating from BBB+ to A- and cited growth, private consumption, public investment, GST, IBC, digital public infrastructure and banking-sector improvements. Military expenditure was not the stated basis. Hence statements 1–3 are correct.
• JCR raised the rating from BBB+ to A- and cited growth, private consumption, public investment, GST, IBC, digital public infrastructure and banking-sector improvements. Military expenditure was not the stated basis. Hence statements 1–3 are correct.
Regarding UPI in August 2026, consider:
1. Volume reached 24.51 billion.
2. July volume was 23.66 billion.
3. June volume was 22.72 billion.
4. August transaction value was ₹29.82 lakh crore.
1. Volume reached 24.51 billion.
2. July volume was 23.66 billion.
3. June volume was 22.72 billion.
4. August transaction value was ₹29.82 lakh crore.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• NPCI data cited by Times of India gives all four figures. August was 24.51 billion transactions, compared with 23.66 billion in July and 22.72 billion in June, while the August value reached ₹29.82 lakh crore. These are separate volume and value measures.
• NPCI data cited by Times of India gives all four figures. August was 24.51 billion transactions, compared with 23.66 billion in July and 22.72 billion in June, while the August value reached ₹29.82 lakh crore. These are separate volume and value measures.
Consider the following statements about EOS-05:
1. It was planned for launch by GSLV F17.
2. The launch was scheduled from Sriharikota.
3. It is a replacement for GISAT-1/EOS-03.
4. Its intended mission life is two years.
1. It was planned for launch by GSLV F17.
2. The launch was scheduled from Sriharikota.
3. It is a replacement for GISAT-1/EOS-03.
4. Its intended mission life is two years.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported GSLV F17, Sriharikota and the replacement role for the failed GISAT-1/EOS-03. EOS-05 is designed for a ten-year mission, so statement 4 is incorrect. Its applications include disaster monitoring and agricultural and forestry observation.
• The Indian Express reported GSLV F17, Sriharikota and the replacement role for the failed GISAT-1/EOS-03. EOS-05 is designed for a ten-year mission, so statement 4 is incorrect. Its applications include disaster monitoring and agricultural and forestry observation.
Regarding the earlier EOS-03 failure, consider:
1. Its cryogenic upper stage failed to ignite.
2. A failure analysis committee identified a valve malfunction.
3. The malfunction caused insufficient pressure in the liquid-hydrogen tank.
4. The failure occurred after the satellite had completed its intended orbit insertion.
1. Its cryogenic upper stage failed to ignite.
2. A failure analysis committee identified a valve malfunction.
3. The malfunction caused insufficient pressure in the liquid-hydrogen tank.
4. The failure occurred after the satellite had completed its intended orbit insertion.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported that EOS-03 failed because the cryogenic upper stage did not ignite; the failure committee found a malfunctioning valve that caused insufficient liquid-hydrogen-tank pressure. The satellite failed to reach orbit, making statement 4 incorrect.
• The Indian Express reported that EOS-03 failed because the cryogenic upper stage did not ignite; the failure committee found a malfunctioning valve that caused insufficient liquid-hydrogen-tank pressure. The satellite failed to reach orbit, making statement 4 incorrect.
Consider the following statements about the UNEP climate assessment:
1. It treats 1.5°C as a long-term warming threshold rather than a single-year trigger.
2. The Paris Agreement seeks to keep warming well below 2°C and pursue efforts toward 1.5°C.
3. The 2024 annual average was reported at about 1.55°C above pre-industrial levels.
4. The report said carbon dioxide removal can replace emissions cuts.
1. It treats 1.5°C as a long-term warming threshold rather than a single-year trigger.
2. The Paris Agreement seeks to keep warming well below 2°C and pursue efforts toward 1.5°C.
3. The 2024 annual average was reported at about 1.55°C above pre-industrial levels.
4. The report said carbon dioxide removal can replace emissions cuts.
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The Indian Express noted that long-term thresholds differ from individual annual anomalies, and recalled the Paris Agreement's well-below-2°C and 1.5°C goals. It reported 2024 at about 1.55°C above pre-industrial levels. CDR must supplement, not replace, emissions reductions.
• The Indian Express noted that long-term thresholds differ from individual annual anomalies, and recalled the Paris Agreement's well-below-2°C and 1.5°C goals. It reported 2024 at about 1.55°C above pre-industrial levels. CDR must supplement, not replace, emissions reductions.
Consider the following statements about food fortification:
1. Iodised salt is an example.
2. Fortified rice can contain added micronutrients.
3. Biofortification occurs only after harvesting.
4. Fortification generally requires processing-stage addition of nutrients.
1. Iodised salt is an example.
2. Fortified rice can contain added micronutrients.
3. Biofortification occurs only after harvesting.
4. Fortification generally requires processing-stage addition of nutrients.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express defines fortification as adding nutrients during processing, with iodised salt, fortified rice and fortified edible oil as examples. Biofortification instead develops nutrient-rich crops before harvest. Therefore statement 3 reverses the distinction.
• The Indian Express defines fortification as adding nutrients during processing, with iodised salt, fortified rice and fortified edible oil as examples. Biofortification instead develops nutrient-rich crops before harvest. Therefore statement 3 reverses the distinction.
Regarding India's rice-fortification programme, consider:
1. A pilot was launched in 2019.
2. The nutrients highlighted were iron, folic acid and vitamin B12.
3. National scale-up was reported in March 2024.
4. The scheme was extended to December 2028.
1. A pilot was launched in 2019.
2. The nutrients highlighted were iron, folic acid and vitamin B12.
3. National scale-up was reported in March 2024.
4. The scheme was extended to December 2028.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express timeline records a 2019 pilot, national scale-up in March 2024 and extension to December 2028. The pilot focused on iron, folic acid and vitamin B12. The programme illustrates targeted micronutrient intervention through public food systems.
• The Indian Express timeline records a 2019 pilot, national scale-up in March 2024 and extension to December 2028. The pilot focused on iron, folic acid and vitamin B12. The programme illustrates targeted micronutrient intervention through public food systems.
Consider the following statements about the 2014–2024 biofortification record:
1. India released 152 biofortified varieties.
2. Wheat accounted for 53 varieties.
3. Millet accounted for 26 varieties.
4. Rice accounted for more varieties than wheat.
1. India released 152 biofortified varieties.
2. Wheat accounted for 53 varieties.
3. Millet accounted for 26 varieties.
4. Rice accounted for more varieties than wheat.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported 152 varieties, including 53 wheat and 26 millet varieties. Rice accounted for 14 varieties, far fewer than wheat, so statement 4 is incorrect. The data demonstrate how crop-specific breeding contributes to nutritional security.
• The Indian Express reported 152 varieties, including 53 wheat and 26 millet varieties. Rice accounted for 14 varieties, far fewer than wheat, so statement 4 is incorrect. The data demonstrate how crop-specific breeding contributes to nutritional security.
With reference to Delhi's bird diversity, consider:
1. The Delhi Bird List records 471 species.
2. The survey began in January 2025.
3. The atlas covers the whole of Delhi.
4. Delhi's location on the Central Asian Flyway contributes to its bird diversity.
1. The Delhi Bird List records 471 species.
2. The survey began in January 2025.
3. The atlas covers the whole of Delhi.
4. Delhi's location on the Central Asian Flyway contributes to its bird diversity.
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported 471 species, a survey beginning in January 2025 and Delhi's position near the heart of the Central Asian Flyway. The atlas covers about 11% of Delhi, not the whole territory. Wetlands, the Aravallis and Himalayan proximity also matter.
• The Indian Express reported 471 species, a survey beginning in January 2025 and Delhi's position near the heart of the Central Asian Flyway. The atlas covers about 11% of Delhi, not the whole territory. Wetlands, the Aravallis and Himalayan proximity also matter.
Regarding the Sharp-tailed Sandpiper sighting, consider:
1. The bird was recorded at Najafgarh Lake.
2. The sighting was described as rare for Delhi-NCR.
3. The species is a Siberian visitor.
4. Its scientific name is Calidris acuminata.
1. The bird was recorded at Najafgarh Lake.
2. The sighting was described as rare for Delhi-NCR.
3. The species is a Siberian visitor.
4. Its scientific name is Calidris acuminata.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported a rare sighting of the Sharp-tailed Sandpiper at Najafgarh Lake on August 30 and identified it as Calidris acuminata. It described the species as a Siberian visitor, making all four statements correct.
• The Indian Express reported a rare sighting of the Sharp-tailed Sandpiper at Najafgarh Lake on August 30 and identified it as Calidris acuminata. It described the species as a Siberian visitor, making all four statements correct.
Consider the following about India's parliamentary accountability:
1. Executive accountability to the legislature is a foundational principle of the parliamentary form.
2. A stable majority can influence legislative scheduling.
3. Parliamentary committees are constitutionally identical to courts.
4. Legislative debate can act as a mechanism of executive scrutiny.
1. Executive accountability to the legislature is a foundational principle of the parliamentary form.
2. A stable majority can influence legislative scheduling.
3. Parliamentary committees are constitutionally identical to courts.
4. Legislative debate can act as a mechanism of executive scrutiny.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The Indian Express discussion on parliamentary oversight emphasised executive accountability, the influence of a stable majority on legislative business, and debate and scrutiny as accountability mechanisms. Parliamentary committees are not courts, so statement 3 is incorrect.
• The Indian Express discussion on parliamentary oversight emphasised executive accountability, the influence of a stable majority on legislative business, and debate and scrutiny as accountability mechanisms. Parliamentary committees are not courts, so statement 3 is incorrect.
Regarding Form 7 and electoral-roll deletion, consider:
1. Form 7 can be used in the process of seeking deletion from electoral rolls.
2. Section 22 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950 concerns correction and deletion powers of Electoral Registration Officers.
3. An ERO must conduct an inquiry before passing an order in such cases.
4. A Booth Level Officer is constitutionally empowered to issue the final deletion order.
1. Form 7 can be used in the process of seeking deletion from electoral rolls.
2. Section 22 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950 concerns correction and deletion powers of Electoral Registration Officers.
3. An ERO must conduct an inquiry before passing an order in such cases.
4. A Booth Level Officer is constitutionally empowered to issue the final deletion order.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported that Form 7 was involved in deletion requests and that Section 22 empowers EROs to make corrections and deletions, after inquiry and an opportunity to respond. BLOs assist election administration but do not replace the ERO in issuing the final statutory order.
• The Indian Express reported that Form 7 was involved in deletion requests and that Section 22 empowers EROs to make corrections and deletions, after inquiry and an opportunity to respond. BLOs assist election administration but do not replace the ERO in issuing the final statutory order.
Consider the following statements about Javelin:
1. It is a man-portable anti-tank guided weapon.
2. It uses fire-and-forget guidance.
3. Its standard effective range was reported as 2.5 km.
4. It requires continuous wire guidance by the operator after launch.
1. It is a man-portable anti-tank guided weapon.
2. It uses fire-and-forget guidance.
3. Its standard effective range was reported as 2.5 km.
4. It requires continuous wire guidance by the operator after launch.
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The Indian Express described Javelin as a shoulder-launched, man-portable, fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile with a standard effective range of 2.5 km. Its infrared guidance permits the operator to move after firing, so statement 4 is incorrect.
• The Indian Express described Javelin as a shoulder-launched, man-portable, fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile with a standard effective range of 2.5 km. Its infrared guidance permits the operator to move after firing, so statement 4 is incorrect.
Regarding the proposed Indian production arrangement for Javelin, consider:
1. Tata Advanced Systems is involved.
2. Raytheon and Lockheed Martin are the American partners.
3. Guidance electronic units are planned to be produced separately in the US and shipped to India for assembly and integration.
4. The arrangement is unrelated to India's defence-manufacturing localisation objectives.
1. Tata Advanced Systems is involved.
2. Raytheon and Lockheed Martin are the American partners.
3. Guidance electronic units are planned to be produced separately in the US and shipped to India for assembly and integration.
4. The arrangement is unrelated to India's defence-manufacturing localisation objectives.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported a pact involving Tata Advanced Systems, Raytheon and Lockheed Martin, with sub-assembly kits and guidance electronic units produced separately in the US for assembly and integration in India. The arrangement was explicitly linked to self-reliance and local manufacturing.
• The Indian Express reported a pact involving Tata Advanced Systems, Raytheon and Lockheed Martin, with sub-assembly kits and guidance electronic units produced separately in the US for assembly and integration in India. The arrangement was explicitly linked to self-reliance and local manufacturing.
Assertion (A): India's Q1 FY2026-27 GDP growth exceeded the RBI's earlier forecast.
Reason (R): Manufacturing and services both recorded strong growth during the quarter.
Reason (R): Manufacturing and services both recorded strong growth during the quarter.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The reported GDP growth of 7.8% exceeded the RBI's 7% forecast, while manufacturing grew 9.2% and services 10%. These sectoral performances were central drivers of the stronger-than-expected outcome, making the reason a valid explanation.
• The reported GDP growth of 7.8% exceeded the RBI's 7% forecast, while manufacturing grew 9.2% and services 10%. These sectoral performances were central drivers of the stronger-than-expected outcome, making the reason a valid explanation.
Assertion (A): EOS-05 was designed for applications such as disaster monitoring.
Reason (R): It is an Earth observation satellite intended to image large areas at frequent intervals.
Reason (R): It is an Earth observation satellite intended to image large areas at frequent intervals.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express described EOS-05 as a large-area Earth observation satellite with frequent imaging capability. Such observation supports applications including natural-disaster monitoring, agriculture and forestry. Therefore the reason directly explains the assertion.
• The Indian Express described EOS-05 as a large-area Earth observation satellite with frequent imaging capability. Such observation supports applications including natural-disaster monitoring, agriculture and forestry. Therefore the reason directly explains the assertion.
Assertion (A): The WMO's El Niño warning has implications for India's seasonal weather risk.
Reason (R): El Niño is an ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that can alter global rainfall and temperature patterns.
Reason (R): El Niño is an ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that can alter global rainfall and temperature patterns.
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The WMO warning, reported by The Indian Express, linked intensifying El Niño to global temperature and rainfall changes. Because Indian rainfall is embedded in the wider tropical circulation system, changes in ENSO conditions are relevant to seasonal risk, although they do not determine every local outcome.
• The WMO warning, reported by The Indian Express, linked intensifying El Niño to global temperature and rainfall changes. Because Indian rainfall is embedded in the wider tropical circulation system, changes in ENSO conditions are relevant to seasonal risk, although they do not determine every local outcome.
Assertion (A): Bihar's renewable-energy strategy includes energy storage.
Reason (R): Solar generation is variable and may not coincide with periods of peak electricity demand.
Reason (R): Solar generation is variable and may not coincide with periods of peak electricity demand.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported Bihar's target of 6 GWh of storage alongside nearly 24 GW of renewable capacity. Storage can shift electricity across time, helping address the variability of solar generation and the mismatch between generation and demand.
• The Indian Express reported Bihar's target of 6 GWh of storage alongside nearly 24 GW of renewable capacity. Storage can shift electricity across time, helping address the variability of solar generation and the mismatch between generation and demand.
Assertion (A): The UNEP assessment does not treat carbon dioxide removal as a substitute for emissions reduction.
Reason (R): Even optimistic carbon-removal scaling is expected to lower temperatures by only a few tenths of a degree this century.
Reason (R): Even optimistic carbon-removal scaling is expected to lower temperatures by only a few tenths of a degree this century.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express quoted the UNEP assessment as saying carbon dioxide removal is needed in addition to sustained emissions cuts. It also said even optimistic scaling would probably reduce temperatures by only a few tenths of a degree this century. Thus the reason supports the assertion.
• The Indian Express quoted the UNEP assessment as saying carbon dioxide removal is needed in addition to sustained emissions cuts. It also said even optimistic scaling would probably reduce temperatures by only a few tenths of a degree this century. Thus the reason supports the assertion.
Assertion (A): India's recent sovereign-rating upgrade was linked partly to improvements in the banking sector.
Reason (R): JCR reported a gross NPL ratio of 1.8% at end-March 2026.
Reason (R): JCR reported a gross NPL ratio of 1.8% at end-March 2026.
Answer: D
Explanation:
• Times of India reported that JCR cited banking-sector improvement and a gross NPL ratio of 1.8% by end-March 2026. The rating decision also considered broader reforms and growth, so the NPL figure is one supporting element rather than the sole basis.
• Times of India reported that JCR cited banking-sector improvement and a gross NPL ratio of 1.8% by end-March 2026. The rating decision also considered broader reforms and growth, so the NPL figure is one supporting element rather than the sole basis.
Assertion (A): August 2026 UPI transaction volume was higher than July 2026.
Reason (R): August UPI volume reached 24.51 billion, compared with 23.66 billion in July.
Reason (R): August UPI volume reached 24.51 billion, compared with 23.66 billion in July.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• NPCI data reported by Times of India show August volume at 24.51 billion versus 23.66 billion in July. The numerical comparison directly establishes the assertion.
• NPCI data reported by Times of India show August volume at 24.51 billion versus 23.66 billion in July. The numerical comparison directly establishes the assertion.
Assertion (A): Form 7 does not by itself make a deletion from an electoral roll automatic.
Reason (R): The Electoral Registration Officer has to follow the statutory process, including inquiry and an opportunity for the concerned elector to respond.
Reason (R): The Electoral Registration Officer has to follow the statutory process, including inquiry and an opportunity for the concerned elector to respond.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported that EROs exercise deletion powers under Section 22 of the RP Act, 1950, with inquiry and an opportunity for the elector to respond before an order. Therefore a request through Form 7 is not equivalent to an automatic deletion.
• The Indian Express reported that EROs exercise deletion powers under Section 22 of the RP Act, 1950, with inquiry and an opportunity for the elector to respond before an order. Therefore a request through Form 7 is not equivalent to an automatic deletion.
Assertion (A): Local assembly of Javelin systems in India is expected to strengthen defence-industrial capability.
Reason (R): The proposed arrangement includes assembly and integration work in India and knowledge transfer.
Reason (R): The proposed arrangement includes assembly and integration work in India and knowledge transfer.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported that the Javelin Joint Venture and Tata Advanced Systems would explore an Indian final assembly and integration facility, with knowledge transfer and local manufacturing expertise. These elements explain the expected industrial benefits.
• The Indian Express reported that the Javelin Joint Venture and Tata Advanced Systems would explore an Indian final assembly and integration facility, with knowledge transfer and local manufacturing expertise. These elements explain the expected industrial benefits.
Match List I with List II:
List I
A. EOS-05
B. Javelin
C. UPI
D. FCNR(B)
List II
1. Foreign-currency deposit mechanism
2. Earth observation satellite
3. Digital payments interface
4. Man-portable anti-tank weapon
Select the correct code.
List I
A. EOS-05
B. Javelin
C. UPI
D. FCNR(B)
List II
1. Foreign-currency deposit mechanism
2. Earth observation satellite
3. Digital payments interface
4. Man-portable anti-tank weapon
Select the correct code.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• EOS-05 is an Earth observation satellite; Javelin is a man-portable anti-tank weapon; UPI is India's digital-payment interface; FCNR(B) refers to foreign-currency non-resident bank deposits. The pairing therefore follows A-2, B-4, C-3 and D-1.
• EOS-05 is an Earth observation satellite; Javelin is a man-portable anti-tank weapon; UPI is India's digital-payment interface; FCNR(B) refers to foreign-currency non-resident bank deposits. The pairing therefore follows A-2, B-4, C-3 and D-1.
Match the following climate terms:
A. El Niño
B. Niño 3.4
C. CDR
D. Paris Agreement
1. Carbon dioxide removal
2. Treaty framework containing the well-below-2°C goal
3. Pacific region used for ENSO monitoring
4. Ocean-atmosphere phenomenon linked to Pacific warming
A. El Niño
B. Niño 3.4
C. CDR
D. Paris Agreement
1. Carbon dioxide removal
2. Treaty framework containing the well-below-2°C goal
3. Pacific region used for ENSO monitoring
4. Ocean-atmosphere phenomenon linked to Pacific warming
Answer: D
Explanation:
• El Niño is the ocean-atmosphere phenomenon; Niño 3.4 is the monitoring region; CDR means carbon dioxide removal; and the Paris Agreement contains the temperature goal. These concepts appeared together in the recent climate reporting and its static linkage.
• El Niño is the ocean-atmosphere phenomenon; Niño 3.4 is the monitoring region; CDR means carbon dioxide removal; and the Paris Agreement contains the temperature goal. These concepts appeared together in the recent climate reporting and its static linkage.
Match the following institutions with the reported subject:
A. MoSPI
B. NPCI
C. JCRA
D. WMO
1. UPI transaction statistics
2. Sovereign credit rating
3. GDP estimates
4. El Niño warning
Select the correct code.
A. MoSPI
B. NPCI
C. JCRA
D. WMO
1. UPI transaction statistics
2. Sovereign credit rating
3. GDP estimates
4. El Niño warning
Select the correct code.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• MoSPI released the GDP data; NPCI supplied UPI transaction statistics; Japan Credit Rating Agency issued the sovereign-rating action; and WMO issued the El Niño warning. These institutional roles distinguish statistical production, payment-system operation, credit assessment and meteorological coordination.
• MoSPI released the GDP data; NPCI supplied UPI transaction statistics; Japan Credit Rating Agency issued the sovereign-rating action; and WMO issued the El Niño warning. These institutional roles distinguish statistical production, payment-system operation, credit assessment and meteorological coordination.
Match the following Bihar energy figures:
A. Renewable capacity target
B. Storage target
C. Own generation capacity
D. Five-year investment plan
1. 6 GWh
2. About 550 MW
3. Nearly 24 GW
4. ₹1.38 lakh crore
A. Renewable capacity target
B. Storage target
C. Own generation capacity
D. Five-year investment plan
1. 6 GWh
2. About 550 MW
3. Nearly 24 GW
4. ₹1.38 lakh crore
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported nearly 24 GW renewable capacity and 6 GWh storage by 2030, against only about 550 MW of own generation capacity. The five-year investment plan was ₹1.38 lakh crore. These figures show the scale of Bihar's proposed transition.
• The Indian Express reported nearly 24 GW renewable capacity and 6 GWh storage by 2030, against only about 550 MW of own generation capacity. The five-year investment plan was ₹1.38 lakh crore. These figures show the scale of Bihar's proposed transition.
Match the following rating-related facts:
A. New sovereign rating
B. Previous sovereign rating
C. Country ceiling
D. Gross NPL ratio
1. A
2. A-
3. BBB+
4. 1.8%
Select the correct code.
A. New sovereign rating
B. Previous sovereign rating
C. Country ceiling
D. Gross NPL ratio
1. A
2. A-
3. BBB+
4. 1.8%
Select the correct code.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• JCR raised India's sovereign rating from BBB+ to A-. The country ceiling was raised to A, while the gross NPL ratio cited by the agency was 1.8% at end-March 2026. The four values therefore map unambiguously to the listed concepts.
• JCR raised India's sovereign rating from BBB+ to A-. The country ceiling was raised to A, while the gross NPL ratio cited by the agency was 1.8% at end-March 2026. The four values therefore map unambiguously to the listed concepts.
Match the following food-nutrition concepts:
A. Fortification
B. Biofortification
C. Hidden hunger
D. Anemia Mukt Bharat
1. Micronutrient deficiency
2. Nutrient addition during processing
3. Nutrient enrichment through crop development
4. Initiative launched in 2018
Select the correct code.
A. Fortification
B. Biofortification
C. Hidden hunger
D. Anemia Mukt Bharat
1. Micronutrient deficiency
2. Nutrient addition during processing
3. Nutrient enrichment through crop development
4. Initiative launched in 2018
Select the correct code.
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The Indian Express explained fortification as processing-stage nutrient addition and biofortification as crop-level nutrient development. Hidden hunger refers to micronutrient deficiency, while Anemia Mukt Bharat was launched by the Health Ministry in 2018.
• The Indian Express explained fortification as processing-stage nutrient addition and biofortification as crop-level nutrient development. Hidden hunger refers to micronutrient deficiency, while Anemia Mukt Bharat was launched by the Health Ministry in 2018.
Match the following crop counts from India's 2014–2024 biofortification record:
A. Wheat
B. Millet
C. Maize
D. Rice
1. 53
2. 26
3. 24
4. 14
A. Wheat
B. Millet
C. Maize
D. Rice
1. 53
2. 26
3. 24
4. 14
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express infographic reported 53 wheat, 26 millet, 24 maize and 14 rice biofortified varieties released during 2014–2024. The figures should not be conflated with the total of 152 varieties across all categories.
• The Indian Express infographic reported 53 wheat, 26 millet, 24 maize and 14 rice biofortified varieties released during 2014–2024. The figures should not be conflated with the total of 152 varieties across all categories.
Match the following Delhi bird-list facts:
A. Total species
B. Atlas coverage
C. Winter species recorded
D. Summer species recorded
1. 471
2. 11%
3. 200
4. 152
A. Total species
B. Atlas coverage
C. Winter species recorded
D. Summer species recorded
1. 471
2. 11%
3. 200
4. 152
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported 471 species on the Delhi Bird List. The atlas covers about 11% of Delhi and the survey recorded 200 species in winter and 152 in summer. These figures describe survey coverage and seasonal observations, not total bird abundance.
• The Indian Express reported 471 species on the Delhi Bird List. The atlas covers about 11% of Delhi and the survey recorded 200 species in winter and 152 in summer. These figures describe survey coverage and seasonal observations, not total bird abundance.
Match the following with their roles:
A. ERO
B. BLO
C. NPCI
D. MoSPI
1. Electoral-roll statutory decision-maker
2. Booth-level election field function
3. Retail-payment infrastructure organisation
4. Official statistics ministry
Select the correct code.
A. ERO
B. BLO
C. NPCI
D. MoSPI
1. Electoral-roll statutory decision-maker
2. Booth-level election field function
3. Retail-payment infrastructure organisation
4. Official statistics ministry
Select the correct code.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The Indian Express account distinguishes EROs, who exercise statutory electoral-roll powers, from BLOs who perform field-level electoral work. NPCI operates India's retail-payment infrastructure, while MoSPI is the ministry associated with the reported GDP release.
• The Indian Express account distinguishes EROs, who exercise statutory electoral-roll powers, from BLOs who perform field-level electoral work. NPCI operates India's retail-payment infrastructure, while MoSPI is the ministry associated with the reported GDP release.
Match the following Javelin characteristics:
A. Guidance
B. Launch mode
C. Standard effective range
D. First entered US service
1. Infrared, fire-and-forget
2. Shoulder launch
3. 2.5 km
4. 1996
A. Guidance
B. Launch mode
C. Standard effective range
D. First entered US service
1. Infrared, fire-and-forget
2. Shoulder launch
3. 2.5 km
4. 1996
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported infrared fire-and-forget guidance, shoulder launch, a standard effective range of 2.5 km and US service entry in 1996. These technical details distinguish Javelin from wire-guided or vehicle-only anti-tank systems.
• The Indian Express reported infrared fire-and-forget guidance, shoulder launch, a standard effective range of 2.5 km and US service entry in 1996. These technical details distinguish Javelin from wire-guided or vehicle-only anti-tank systems.
Match the following export figures:
A. June goods exports
B. April-June overall goods exports
C. April-June non-petroleum, non-gems-and-jewellery exports
D. Year-on-year growth in overall goods exports
1. $44.24 billion
2. $129.32 billion
3. $99.04 billion
4. 15%
Select the correct code.
A. June goods exports
B. April-June overall goods exports
C. April-June non-petroleum, non-gems-and-jewellery exports
D. Year-on-year growth in overall goods exports
1. $44.24 billion
2. $129.32 billion
3. $99.04 billion
4. 15%
Select the correct code.
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported record June goods exports of $44.24 billion; April-June exports of $129.32 billion, up 15%; and non-petroleum, non-gems-and-jewellery exports of $99.04 billion. These figures illustrate both headline and core export performance.
• The Indian Express reported record June goods exports of $44.24 billion; April-June exports of $129.32 billion, up 15%; and non-petroleum, non-gems-and-jewellery exports of $99.04 billion. These figures illustrate both headline and core export performance.
Match the following programmes or mechanisms with their distinctive feature:
A. Semicon 2.0
B. FCNR(B)
C. Form 7
D. Renewable Energy Policy 2025
1. Electoral-roll deletion application
2. Foreign-currency deposits of non-residents
3. Domestic semiconductor capability
4. Bihar renewable-energy expansion
Select the correct code.
A. Semicon 2.0
B. FCNR(B)
C. Form 7
D. Renewable Energy Policy 2025
1. Electoral-roll deletion application
2. Foreign-currency deposits of non-residents
3. Domestic semiconductor capability
4. Bihar renewable-energy expansion
Select the correct code.
Answer: B
Explanation:
• Semicon 2.0 concerns domestic semiconductor capabilities; FCNR(B) refers to foreign-currency deposits of non-residents; Form 7 is used in electoral-roll deletion processes; and Bihar's Renewable Energy Policy 2025 provides the state-level energy framework. The pairings follow directly.
• Semicon 2.0 concerns domestic semiconductor capabilities; FCNR(B) refers to foreign-currency deposits of non-residents; Form 7 is used in electoral-roll deletion processes; and Bihar's Renewable Energy Policy 2025 provides the state-level energy framework. The pairings follow directly.
Match the following current-affairs items with geography:
A. EOS-05 launch site
B. Sharp-tailed Sandpiper sighting
C. SCO summit 2026
D. Bihar solar expansion
1. Bishkek
2. Najafgarh Lake
3. Sriharikota
4. Bihar
Select the correct code.
A. EOS-05 launch site
B. Sharp-tailed Sandpiper sighting
C. SCO summit 2026
D. Bihar solar expansion
1. Bishkek
2. Najafgarh Lake
3. Sriharikota
4. Bihar
Select the correct code.
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The reported launch location for EOS-05 was Sriharikota; the rare sandpiper was sighted at Najafgarh Lake; the 2026 SCO summit was held in Bishkek; and the renewable-energy investment story concerned Bihar. These locations connect otherwise separate current-affairs themes.
• The reported launch location for EOS-05 was Sriharikota; the rare sandpiper was sighted at Najafgarh Lake; the 2026 SCO summit was held in Bishkek; and the renewable-energy investment story concerned Bihar. These locations connect otherwise separate current-affairs themes.
Consider the following pairs:
1. EOS-05 — Higher geosynchronous Earth observation
2. Javelin — Fire-and-forget anti-tank system
3. UPI — Monthly digital-payment transactions
4. FCNR(B) — Domestic rupee-only deposit account
How many pairs are correctly matched?
1. EOS-05 — Higher geosynchronous Earth observation
2. Javelin — Fire-and-forget anti-tank system
3. UPI — Monthly digital-payment transactions
4. FCNR(B) — Domestic rupee-only deposit account
How many pairs are correctly matched?
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The first three pairs are correct. FCNR(B) refers to foreign-currency non-resident bank deposits, not a rupee-only account. Thus three pairs are correctly matched.
• The first three pairs are correct. FCNR(B) refers to foreign-currency non-resident bank deposits, not a rupee-only account. Thus three pairs are correctly matched.
Consider the following pairs:
1. MoSPI — GDP data
2. NPCI — UPI statistics
3. JCRA — Sovereign credit rating
4. WMO — El Niño assessment
How many pairs are correctly matched?
1. MoSPI — GDP data
2. NPCI — UPI statistics
3. JCRA — Sovereign credit rating
4. WMO — El Niño assessment
How many pairs are correctly matched?
Answer: B
Explanation:
• All four pairs correctly connect the institution with the subject reported in early September 2026. MoSPI released GDP data; NPCI supplied UPI data; JCRA upgraded India's rating; and WMO warned about the emerging strong El Niño.
• All four pairs correctly connect the institution with the subject reported in early September 2026. MoSPI released GDP data; NPCI supplied UPI data; JCRA upgraded India's rating; and WMO warned about the emerging strong El Niño.
Consider the following pairs:
1. Bihar — 6 GWh storage target
2. Delhi — Central Asian Flyway
3. Najafgarh Lake — Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
4. Sriharikota — EOS-05 launch site
How many are correctly matched?
1. Bihar — 6 GWh storage target
2. Delhi — Central Asian Flyway
3. Najafgarh Lake — Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
4. Sriharikota — EOS-05 launch site
How many are correctly matched?
Answer: A
Explanation:
• All four pairings are supported by the reports. Bihar's policy target includes 6 GWh storage, Delhi lies near the Central Asian Flyway, the sandpiper was recorded at Najafgarh Lake, and EOS-05 was scheduled for launch from Sriharikota.
• All four pairings are supported by the reports. Bihar's policy target includes 6 GWh storage, Delhi lies near the Central Asian Flyway, the sandpiper was recorded at Najafgarh Lake, and EOS-05 was scheduled for launch from Sriharikota.
Consider the following pairs:
1. 53 — Wheat biofortified varieties
2. 26 — Millet biofortified varieties
3. 24 — Maize biofortified varieties
4. 14 — Rice biofortified varieties
How many are correctly matched?
1. 53 — Wheat biofortified varieties
2. 26 — Millet biofortified varieties
3. 24 — Maize biofortified varieties
4. 14 — Rice biofortified varieties
How many are correctly matched?
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Indian Express reported exactly these crop-specific counts in its 2014–2024 biofortification summary: wheat 53, millet 26, maize 24 and rice 14. The total of 152 includes additional crop categories as well.
• The Indian Express reported exactly these crop-specific counts in its 2014–2024 biofortification summary: wheat 53, millet 26, maize 24 and rice 14. The total of 152 includes additional crop categories as well.
Consider the following pairs:
1. A- — India's upgraded sovereign rating
2. BBB+ — Previous sovereign rating
3. A — Country ceiling after upgrade
4. 1.8% — Gross NPL ratio at end-March 2026
How many are correctly matched?
1. A- — India's upgraded sovereign rating
2. BBB+ — Previous sovereign rating
3. A — Country ceiling after upgrade
4. 1.8% — Gross NPL ratio at end-March 2026
How many are correctly matched?
Answer: D
Explanation:
• All four pairings are correct according to the JCR report carried by Times of India. The country ceiling rose to A, while the sovereign rating moved from BBB+ to A-. The gross NPL ratio cited was 1.8%.
• All four pairings are correct according to the JCR report carried by Times of India. The country ceiling rose to A, while the sovereign rating moved from BBB+ to A-. The gross NPL ratio cited was 1.8%.
Consider the following pairs:
1. 24.51 billion — August UPI volume
2. ₹29.82 lakh crore — August UPI value
3. 23.66 billion — July UPI volume
4. 19.63 billion — August 2025 UPI volume
How many are correctly matched?
1. 24.51 billion — August UPI volume
2. ₹29.82 lakh crore — August UPI value
3. 23.66 billion — July UPI volume
4. 19.63 billion — August 2025 UPI volume
How many are correctly matched?
Answer: A
Explanation:
• NPCI figures reported by Times of India support all four pairings. August 2026 volume was 24.51 billion and value ₹29.82 lakh crore; July volume was 23.66 billion; and August 2025 volume was 19.63 billion.
• NPCI figures reported by Times of India support all four pairings. August 2026 volume was 24.51 billion and value ₹29.82 lakh crore; July volume was 23.66 billion; and August 2025 volume was 19.63 billion.
Consider the following pairs:
1. Section 22, RP Act 1950 — ERO correction and deletion powers
2. Form 7 — Electoral-roll deletion request
3. BLO — Final statutory deletion authority
4. ERO — Inquiry before an order
How many are correctly matched?
1. Section 22, RP Act 1950 — ERO correction and deletion powers
2. Form 7 — Electoral-roll deletion request
3. BLO — Final statutory deletion authority
4. ERO — Inquiry before an order
How many are correctly matched?
Answer: B
Explanation:
• Pairs 1, 2 and 4 are correct. The Indian Express report emphasised that EROs exercise statutory deletion powers and conduct inquiry, while BLOs assist at booth level. A BLO is not the final statutory deletion authority, making pair 3 incorrect.
• Pairs 1, 2 and 4 are correct. The Indian Express report emphasised that EROs exercise statutory deletion powers and conduct inquiry, while BLOs assist at booth level. A BLO is not the final statutory deletion authority, making pair 3 incorrect.
Consider the following pairs:
1. Javelin — Infrared guidance
2. Javelin — 2.5 km standard effective range
3. Javelin — Entered US service in 1996
4. Javelin — Wire-guided throughout flight
How many are correctly matched?
1. Javelin — Infrared guidance
2. Javelin — 2.5 km standard effective range
3. Javelin — Entered US service in 1996
4. Javelin — Wire-guided throughout flight
How many are correctly matched?
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The first three are correct according to the Indian Express explanation. Javelin uses infrared, fire-and-forget guidance and has a standard effective range of 2.5 km; it entered US service in 1996. It is not a wire-guided missile, so pair 4 is incorrect.
• The first three are correct according to the Indian Express explanation. Javelin uses infrared, fire-and-forget guidance and has a standard effective range of 2.5 km; it entered US service in 1996. It is not a wire-guided missile, so pair 4 is incorrect.
Consider the following pairs:
1. Semicon 2.0 — Domestic chip-design capability
2. CDR — Carbon dioxide removal
3. El Niño — Equatorial Pacific warming
4. Biofortification — Nutrient addition only after food processing
How many are correctly matched?
1. Semicon 2.0 — Domestic chip-design capability
2. CDR — Carbon dioxide removal
3. El Niño — Equatorial Pacific warming
4. Biofortification — Nutrient addition only after food processing
How many are correctly matched?
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The first three pairs are correct. Biofortification involves developing nutrient-rich crops before harvest through breeding or biotechnology, whereas adding nutrients during processing is fortification. Therefore three pairs are correct.
• The first three pairs are correct. Biofortification involves developing nutrient-rich crops before harvest through breeding or biotechnology, whereas adding nutrients during processing is fortification. Therefore three pairs are correct.
A report gives the following data:
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---:|
| Q1 FY2026-27 GDP growth | 7.8% |
| Manufacturing growth | 9.2% |
| Services growth | 10% |
| RBI forecast | 7% |
Which inference is most appropriate?
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---:|
| Q1 FY2026-27 GDP growth | 7.8% |
| Manufacturing growth | 9.2% |
| Services growth | 10% |
| RBI forecast | 7% |
Which inference is most appropriate?
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The reported figures show services growth at 10%, manufacturing at 9.2%, and headline GDP growth at 7.8% against the RBI's 7% forecast. Thus the first inference correctly combines the relative sectoral performance with the forecast comparison.
• The reported figures show services growth at 10%, manufacturing at 9.2%, and headline GDP growth at 7.8% against the RBI's 7% forecast. Thus the first inference correctly combines the relative sectoral performance with the forecast comparison.
A policy comparison is given below:
| Item | Reported figure |
|---|---:|
| Bihar renewable capacity target | 24 GW |
| Bihar storage target | 6 GWh |
| Bihar own generation capacity | 550 MW |
| Bihar five-year investment plan | ₹1.38 lakh crore |
Which statement best captures the policy challenge?
| Item | Reported figure |
|---|---:|
| Bihar renewable capacity target | 24 GW |
| Bihar storage target | 6 GWh |
| Bihar own generation capacity | 550 MW |
| Bihar five-year investment plan | ₹1.38 lakh crore |
Which statement best captures the policy challenge?
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The figures show a large structural gap between demand and Bihar's own generation capacity, alongside a substantial renewable and storage expansion plan. The units are different, so comparing GW and GWh directly is inappropriate. The reported policy is primarily a supply-side and system-modernisation response.
• The figures show a large structural gap between demand and Bihar's own generation capacity, alongside a substantial renewable and storage expansion plan. The units are different, so comparing GW and GWh directly is inappropriate. The reported policy is primarily a supply-side and system-modernisation response.
The following figures were reported for August 2026 UPI activity:
| Measure | August 2026 |
|---|---:|
| Transaction volume | 24.51 billion |
| Transaction value | ₹29.82 lakh crore |
| August 2025 volume | 19.63 billion |
| July 2026 volume | 23.66 billion |
Which statement follows directly from the table?
| Measure | August 2026 |
|---|---:|
| Transaction volume | 24.51 billion |
| Transaction value | ₹29.82 lakh crore |
| August 2025 volume | 19.63 billion |
| July 2026 volume | 23.66 billion |
Which statement follows directly from the table?
Answer: C
Explanation:
• August 2026 volume of 24.51 billion exceeds both July's 23.66 billion and August 2025's 19.63 billion. The table does not provide July's value, so no value comparison with July can be made. The direct conclusion is therefore the first option.
• August 2026 volume of 24.51 billion exceeds both July's 23.66 billion and August 2025's 19.63 billion. The table does not provide July's value, so no value comparison with July can be made. The direct conclusion is therefore the first option.
Case Study: A state has average daily electricity demand of about 7,300–7,400 MW, summer peak demand near 9,500 MW and own generation capacity of only about 550 MW. It plans large-scale solar generation and battery/storage capacity.
Which policy rationale is most consistent with this case?
Which policy rationale is most consistent with this case?
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The Bihar case reported by The Indian Express combines high demand, low own generation and substantial power-purchase costs with a 24 GW renewable and 6 GWh storage target. The policy logic is therefore to expand clean domestic supply and use storage to improve reliability and reduce dependence on external purchases.
• The Bihar case reported by The Indian Express combines high demand, low own generation and substantial power-purchase costs with a 24 GW renewable and 6 GWh storage target. The policy logic is therefore to expand clean domestic supply and use storage to improve reliability and reduce dependence on external purchases.
Case Study: An election-roll application seeks deletion of several names. The local election staff receive the applications, but statutory action requires verification and an opportunity for the affected elector to respond.
Which institutional distinction is most important?
Which institutional distinction is most important?
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express report explains that EROs exercise powers under Section 22 of the RP Act, 1950 and must conduct inquiry and allow the elector to respond. BLOs perform field-level functions. This institutional distinction prevents treating an application or field verification as the final statutory decision.
• The Indian Express report explains that EROs exercise powers under Section 22 of the RP Act, 1950 and must conduct inquiry and allow the elector to respond. BLOs perform field-level functions. This institutional distinction prevents treating an application or field verification as the final statutory decision.
Case Study: A climate pathway overshoots 1.5°C and later seeks to return toward it. Policymakers propose relying heavily on carbon dioxide removal while slowing emissions cuts.
Which conclusion best follows the UNEP assessment?
Which conclusion best follows the UNEP assessment?
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The UNEP assessment reported by The Indian Express says carbon dioxide removal will be needed in addition to sustained emissions reductions. Even optimistic CDR scaling is expected to have limited temperature impact. Thus CDR can support a return pathway but cannot substitute for cutting emissions.
• The UNEP assessment reported by The Indian Express says carbon dioxide removal will be needed in addition to sustained emissions reductions. Even optimistic CDR scaling is expected to have limited temperature impact. Thus CDR can support a return pathway but cannot substitute for cutting emissions.
In national-income accounting, a rise in exports, other things equal, directly contributes to which component of aggregate expenditure?
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The Indian Express discussion of India's export surge linked exports to GDP through national-income accounting. Exports enter the external sector, while imports are subtracted; together they form net exports. This is why export performance can affect measured GDP even when domestic demand is unchanged.
• The Indian Express discussion of India's export surge linked exports to GDP through national-income accounting. Exports enter the external sector, while imports are subtracted; together they form net exports. This is why export performance can affect measured GDP even when domestic demand is unchanged.
Which concept best distinguishes fortification from biofortification?
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The Indian Express explained the distinction directly: fortification adds nutrients during food processing, while biofortification develops nutrient-rich crops through breeding or biotechnology before harvest. The distinction matters because the delivery mechanism and recurring processing requirements differ.
• The Indian Express explained the distinction directly: fortification adds nutrients during food processing, while biofortification develops nutrient-rich crops through breeding or biotechnology before harvest. The distinction matters because the delivery mechanism and recurring processing requirements differ.
In climate science, why is the 1.5°C threshold discussed as a long-term trend rather than simply a one-year temperature reading?
Answer: A
Explanation:
• The Indian Express explained that long-term warming thresholds should not be confused with single-year anomalies. The 2024 record was influenced significantly by El Niño, while 2025 was lower. Climate thresholds therefore concern sustained trends rather than an isolated annual excursion.
• The Indian Express explained that long-term warming thresholds should not be confused with single-year anomalies. The 2024 record was influenced significantly by El Niño, while 2025 was lower. Climate thresholds therefore concern sustained trends rather than an isolated annual excursion.
Which one of the following combinations is correctly stated according to the September 2026 reports?
Answer: B
Explanation:
• The reported facts are a ten-year mission life for EOS-05 and a 2.5 km standard effective range for Javelin. August 2026 UPI volume was 24.51 billion, JCR upgraded India to A-, Bihar's 6 GWh figure refers to storage, and FCNR(B) involves foreign currency.
• The reported facts are a ten-year mission life for EOS-05 and a 2.5 km standard effective range for Javelin. August 2026 UPI volume was 24.51 billion, JCR upgraded India to A-, Bihar's 6 GWh figure refers to storage, and FCNR(B) involves foreign currency.
Which of the following best captures a common policy implication across the Bihar energy and Indian forex stories?
Answer: C
Explanation:
• The Bihar story responds to dependence on externally purchased electricity by expanding domestic renewable capacity and storage. The forex story describes RBI measures that mobilised foreign-currency resources during external stress. Though different sectors are involved, both illustrate policy responses to external vulnerability.
• The Bihar story responds to dependence on externally purchased electricity by expanding domestic renewable capacity and storage. The forex story describes RBI measures that mobilised foreign-currency resources during external stress. Though different sectors are involved, both illustrate policy responses to external vulnerability.
Which one of the following is the most appropriate distinction between a sovereign credit-rating upgrade and an improvement in the current account balance?
Answer: D
Explanation:
• The recent JCR upgrade concerns an external assessment of sovereign creditworthiness and economic fundamentals. A current-account balance is a macroeconomic accounting measure covering trade in goods and services, primary income and secondary income. The two can interact economically but are conceptually distinct.
• The recent JCR upgrade concerns an external assessment of sovereign creditworthiness and economic fundamentals. A current-account balance is a macroeconomic accounting measure covering trade in goods and services, primary income and secondary income. The two can interact economically but are conceptually distinct.